Models of psychological family counceling and psychotheraphy

Abstract

The purpose of the article is devoted to the issue of the distribution of psychological counseling and psychotherapy resources in the context of providing psychological assistance depending on the common complaints of clients regarding the peculiarities of family functioning, for which empirically confirmed psycho-consultative and psychotherapeutic directions of assistance are available.

Methods. The theoretical methods are based on different approaches to conducting psychoconsultative and psychotherapeutic processes with the family as a system is presented. It is indicated that practicing psychologists strive to maintain a balanced approach, taking into account the strengths and weaknesses of the integrative position.

Results. As the results the main models of psycho-consultative and psycho-therapeutic processes are highlighted, which are based on three models of psychological assistance, namely diagnostic, pedagogical and psychological. It is emphasized that the object of diagnosis is the family, members of the nuclear family. The diagnostic model focuses on the current emotional state of family members, their personal characteristics, the organization (structure, patterns of interaction) of the family system, and the family's unique experience in overcoming a stressful situation. In the pedagogical model, attention is drawn to the work aimed at expanding the boundaries of the pedagogical competence of family members: knowledge and skills, prevention of the lack of such knowledge and skills regarding interaction with a partner and children; improvement of psychological and pedagogical culture; expanding and restoring the educational potential of the family; active inclusion in the process of social education of children. The psychological (psychoconsultative and psychotherapeutic) model is used when the causes of difficulties lie in the personal characteristics of family members. The psychological model is focused on the development of psychological culture, thinking, and behavior in the field of helping healthy people. It is noted that the psychological model is based on such dominant, effective in working with the family and balanced integrative psychoconsultative and psychotherapeutic models as the system model, psychoanalytic model, transact model, phenomenological resource model.

Conclusions. In conclusions it is summarized that the structural-functional paradigm includes the variability of models, approaches according to traumatic factors and builds a system of focuses for providing practical help to the family at the level of psychodiagnosis, psychoeducation, psychological counseling and psychotherapy. Within these approaches, an attempt is made to form a holistic view of patterns and essential connections in the field of studying the structure psychological assistance to the family.